Organizational Justice, Ethics, and Social Responsibility...

Organizational Justice, Ethics, and Social Responsibility Chapter discussed Organizational Justice, Ethics, and Social Responsibility. While watching CNBC on television, I viewed a documentary on the energy company Enron. Their practices and ethics, or lack thereof are an excellent example of the topics contained in this chapter. Their disregard for ethical behavior and social responsibility, ultimately led to the demise of the company and also caused several members of the company in management positions to be brought to justice in the court systems. Enron was a energy company that was seemingly very profitable, ethical, and successful, as was reflected in their stock price. However, there was a great deal of information withheld from†¦show more content†¦Another OB principle relevant to this situation is the Fair Process Effect. Employees want a voice and to be included in decision making. However, Enron’s lower level workers weren’t accurately informed about their practices. The traders that worked for Enron weren ’t explicitly told about the company’s unethical practices, but over the course of time they became more aware of the things that Enron was doing. However, traders were making a great deal of money from the success of Enron and it’s increasing stock price. During the time of the rolling blackouts in California, there were also wildfires burning. The fires decreased the level of electricity that was allowed to be produced and distributed. Enron used this to their advantage, and greatly increased the cost of electricity to consumers. The traders knew this and profited greatly. So although they were informed of the unethical practices that were going on, their greed made them take advantage of the situation and profit as much as they could. The traders also participated in the unethical practices by asking electric companies to limit their production and output, and even shut down their plants for specified time periods. In essence, they were completely manipulatin g the costs and prices of electricity to the consumer and profiting greatly in the process. Finally, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act which audits companies to ensure that there is ethical behavior inShow MoreRelatedMilton Friedman: The Goal of the Firm744 Words   |  3 Pagesthe only responsibility of a business is to increase its profits. Friedman reasons that corporate executives are employees of the owners of the business, or the stockholders, and as such have a fiduciary duty as agents to principals. The concept of social responsibility implies something other than to increase profits and if executives spend company funds in this regard they are spending someone elses money without their consent. Friedman equates spending company money to discharge social responsibilitiesRead MorePros And Cons Of Having A Professional Code Of Ethics1683 Words   |  7 PagesPros and Cons of Having a Professional Code of Ethics Introduction A professional code of ethics acts as a guide concerning ethical conduct in a given profession. However, over time, it has been termed as an impediment to intellectual and moral developments. This way or another, there are advantages as well as disadvantages that emanate from applying the professional code of ethics depending on the context of practices. For this reason, this paper discusses both sides: positive and negative effectsRead MoreEthical Implications Of Ethical Issues Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagesto this emerging responsibility of organizations. 1.1. Growth and Ethics Consumer’s Perspective According to Shaw and Shiu, (2003) the concerns for ethical issues have been well documented in the ethical literature. 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Models of Instructional Design Free Essays

In the article, Reclaiming Instructional Design, Merrill et al. (1966) highlight the significant relationship between science of instruction and the technology of instructional design (ID). They argue that science and instructional design with the application and production of technology are closely associated with each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Models of Instructional Design or any similar topic only for you Order Now They also highlight the role of instructional design in the development and improvement of the learning processes and outcomes since instructional design follows scientific bases and strategies found in the existing literature regarding technology and education. The International Board of Standards for Training, Performance and Instruction (IBSTPI; 2003) provides code of ethical standards for instructional designers in order to ensure a good working environment and condition with the company and other people in the workplace. This paper presents the concepts, theories, and components of instructional design, including its relationship with the learning theories, and the tasks and skills required for instructional designers as they contribute to the positive outcome of learning with the use of technology. Instructional design (ID) has been thought of as a variation or modification of the concept of educational technology which evolved in the United States in the 1950s (Peters, 1967). It is associated with modes of artistic production and it is considered as a mode of producing or developing instruction, specific means of cultural transmission, and a way of organizing learning processes in the educational arena (Dijkstra, Schott, Seel, Tennyson, 1997, p. 27). Instructional design, as perceived by Dijkstra et al. (1997, p. 28) is in some ways different from educational technology because: (1) it involves different learning cultures from different â€Å"pedagogies† and sciences (Reigeluth, 1996); (2) â€Å"it reaches beyond the isolated ‘culture-free’ concepts by thoroughly analyzing the contexts into which the units are embedded (Jencks, 1975); and it integrates any of the different modes of production whose products are the outcome of open-ended structures that promote self-directed learning processes. It is assumed that instructional design involves the conditions of learning should be appropriate to the learning outcomes, problem-solving, and assessment activities (Jonassen, 2004, p. 146). Instructional design differentiates instructional design process from the production process. According to Gentry (1994), designing instruction is more important for it involves the identification and development of objectives, activities and evaluation protocols to promote learning while production process focuses on the creation and design of the tangible products such as videotapes, posters, booklets, worksheets as the outcome of the overall instructional design. Learning theories are often confused with Instructional design theories. However, the theory of learning can be differentiated from the instructional design theory in such a way that the former is descriptive – describes how learning occurs – while the latter offers direct guidance in effectively helping people in learning and development which may include cognitive, emotional, social, physical, and spiritual aspects (Reigeluth, 1983, p. 5). Contemporary theory of learning holds the view that â€Å"ideas have little, if any, meaning unless and until they are embedded in some authentic context† (Spiro et al., 1987 cited in Jonassen, 2004, p. 102). Instruction need to be clear, specific, and detailed in explaining particular contexts instead of teaching abstract rules and principles which are usually difficult to understand. This way, learning and understanding concepts would be easily retained, more generative and meaningful, and more broadly and more accurately be transferred. Schema theory, like the theory of human development, is one of the learning theories. It suggests that â€Å"new knowledge is acquired by accretion into an existing schema, by tuning that schema when minor inconsistencies emerge, and by restructuring that schema when major inconsistencies arise† (Rummelhart Norman, 1978 cited in Reigeluth, 1983, p. 12). It means that the learner can better understand a concept when there is already an existing knowledge about a new concept. On the other hand, Instructional design does not describe what goes on inside a learner’s head when learning occurs. Instead, they describe specific events outside of the learner which can be more directly and easily applied in solving problems. An important characteristic of Instructional design theories is that they are design or goal oriented. ID theories are not like descriptive theories, which are used for prediction or for explanation (Reigeluth, 1983, p. 7). Although instructional design theories are more effective, the theories of learning are still important in education since it is important foe instructional designers to also know theories of learning and human development (Winn, 1997, p. 37) for they are the actually the foundation for understanding how Instructional design theory works to help educators invent new and efficient instructional methods (Reigeluth, 1983, p. 13; Dijkstra et al., 1997, pp. 55-56). Two components of instructional design theories include (1) methods of instruction, those that are used in facilitating human learning and development, and (2) situations (those aspects of the context that do influence selection of methods) that determine whether those methods are to be used or not. This component proposes that â€Å"one method may work best in one situation, while another may work best in a different situation† (Reigeluth, 1983, p. 8). ID methods are also considered componential because each of them has different components or features that can be used or done in different ways and in different time (Reigeluth, 1983, p. 10). It is therefore important to apply methods only when they are appropriate or needed in a particular instance. Instructional designers are called to use deductive method of instruction by analyzing and sequencing concepts based on importance, complexity or specificity. They should also integrate and review concepts since elaboration and repetition can help them understand better the lessons to be learned (Reigeluth, 1983; Reigeluth Darwazeh, 1982 cited in Dijkstra et al., 1997, p. 9). They are also required to repeat the process of decontextualization of the knowledge resource and recontextualizion of the knowledge for the intended use (p. 24). Modern classroom teachers, as instructional designers (Dick Carey,1978), should have at least a basic understanding of instructional media production in order to work effectively regardless of the extent or frequency of his/her participation (Brown, 2004, p. 265). Milheim Osciak (2001, p. 355) contend that the instructional designers’ task is to use various instructional methods to achieve their instructional goals. Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences (Gardner, 1993) may be considered when planning specific instructional activities and the traditional instructional strategies may be integrated to effectively cater to the different learning environments, resources, and students. Zhang (2001) asserts that taking into considerations individual differences can make ID produce a desirable outcome. Thus, motivation and the recognition of psychological characteristics of each learner are also important. According to Winn (1987, pp. 39–41), instructional designers should focus their concentration on the mechanisms by means of which decisions are made instead of getting involved direct instructional decision-making. They are also required to use instructional strategies that mesh with cognitive theory and regularly track the students’ learning condition in all aspects of development. In conclusion, instructional design as a scientific process that involves the process and production of technology can be used to improve and develop learners to become more effective not only in understanding concepts but also in making-decisions logically, and applying things they have learned efficiently. Successful use and implementation of ID requires instructional designers’ or teachers’ capability to use teaching and assessment methods that are appropriate to the situation, time, resources, students’ abilities and individual differences. References Brown, A. (2004). Building Blocks for Information Architects: Teaching Digital Media Production within an Instructional Design Program. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia 13(3), 265+. Dick, W. Carey, L. (2001). The systematic design of instruction: Origins of systematically designed instruction. In Ely, D.P. Plomp, T. (Eds.), Classic writings on instructional technology 2. (pp. 71-80) Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited. Dijkstra, S., Schott, F., Seel, N. M., Tennyson, R. D. (1997). Instructional Design: International Perspectives 1. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Gentry, C.G. (1994). Introduction to instructional development: Process and technique. In Brown, A. (2004). Building Blocks for Information Architects: Teaching Digital Media Production within an Instructional Design Program. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia 13(3), 265. Jencks C. ( 1975). The rise of post-modern architecture. (17-34). In Dijkstra et al., (1997). Instructional Design: International Perspectives 1 (p. 28). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Jonassen, D. H. (Ed.) (2004). Learning to Solve Problems: An Instructional Design Guide. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Milheim, W. D. Osciak, S. Y. (2001). Multiple Intelligence and the Design of Web-Based Instruction. Journal Title: International Journal of Instructional Media 28(4), 355+. Peters O. ( 1967). Das Fernstudium an Università ¤ten und Hochschulen, didaktische Struktur und vergleichende Interpretation. In Dijkstra et al., (1997). Instructional Design: International Perspectives 1 (p. 27). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Reigeluth, C. M. ( 1983). â€Å"Instructional design: What is it and why is it?† In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional design theories and models (pp. 279-333). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Reigeluth, C. M. ( 1996). A new paradigm of ISD? Educational Technology (pp. 13-20). In Dijkstra et al., (1997). Instructional Design: International Perspectives 1 (p. 28). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Reigeluth, C. M., Darwazeh, A. N. ( 1982). â€Å"The elaboration theory’s procedures for designing instruction: A conceptual approach†. Journal of Instructional Development, 5, 22-32. Reigeluth, C. M. (Ed.) (1983). Instructional design Theories and Models: A New Paradigm of Instructional Theory 2. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Spiro, R. J., et al., (1987). Knowledge Acquisition for Application: Cognitive Flexibility and Transfer in Complex Content Domains. In Jonassen, D. H. (Ed.) (2004). Learning to Solve Problems: An Instructional Design Guide. San Francisco: Pfeiffer, p. 102. Winn, W. (1997). Advantages of a theory-building curriculum in instructional technology. Educational Technology, 37(1), 34–41. Zhang, J. X. (2001). Cultural Diversity in Instructional Design. Journal Title: International Journal of Instructional Media 28(3), 299. How to cite Models of Instructional Design, Essay examples

Globalisation Influenced free essay sample

Culture can be generally defined as the way of life of a people, it refers to the socially learned behaviors, beliefs, and values that the member of a group or society share. (Sees and Succeeds, 2001 , pep). For example, form Struck to Macdonald, American life style is influencing Individuals all around the world in deferent ways. The evidence of these affects Includes the expansion of Hollywood film, fast food and hip-hop music In many countries. The Influence of globalization on music Is significant In China, especially for youth music. For instance, English words are used commonly inChinese pop songs and Chinese rock and roll bands are developing; the music styles of hip-hop and RB have been adopted into Chinese pop songs and have achieved success. In the first part of this essay, I will define the concept of globalization and then go on to discuss it In relation to the change of music by globalization in China through three aspects: the development of accessibility to music In China; the growth of music variety; the development of multi-notational record corporations and international cooperation between recording companies; and the influence of music piracy in China. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalisation Influenced or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since the asses, the structure of Chinese music (mainland China) has changed dramatically. Due to the change and development of policies, different types of music were allowed to the public. Pop music especially from Honking and Taiwan became popular in mainland China very rapidly. The popularity of songs for the army, party, communism and revolution since asses were taken over by pop music to a great extent. Since the asses, globalization has developed rapidly because of the development of technologies for communication and transportation.Because globalization is entirely cent historical turn (Schools, 2000, pep), the processes of changes on music structures in China is not a long history. Globalization also has defined the world as a single place (Featheriness, 1995, pep) regardless of geographic difference. The development of the Internet plays an important role in globalization. It has provided new channel for worldwide communication. The birth of the Internet has become one of the most important conditions for the development of globalization.As we are living in an information-rich age (Chairman, 2007, up), the spread of the Internet has evilly influenced peoples life style. For example, the influence on music, Internet users can upload music from the Internet to share with other people; they can also download music from the Internet; and floggers can keep music in their websites and share with other blob users. In China, the Internet search engine Baud even provides links to other websites for Internet users to download music online. Internet users can purchase single songs or albums through the Internet at home. For small scale music making, Internet users upload home-made music online to share with there people. The research shows that it took electricity 50 years to reach 50 million users in the United States, whereas it took radio 38 years, it took personal computers 16 years, it took television 13 years, and it took the Internet Just 4 years. (Rice, and Katz, 2004, Pl 22). Digitally network technology promises to reach a global audience, from anywhere at very low cost. (Seersucker, Slims and Wallis, 2001, UP) In conclusion, due to rapid development of technology in China, the spread of the Internet provides people an online communication environment. Through the improved media channels, including the Internet, Chinese people also gain 10-3-24 promo:28 opportunities to hear more music styles from all around the world. Professional pop singers also adopted foreign music style to Chinese pop songs and achieved success. For example, Chinese singers Coco Lee, Jay Chow and Lemon Wong are three popular Chinese R or Hip hop singers and they all won best songs or best singers in important rewards in China.Especially Coco Lee, her music style includes American hip hop, r and Chinese pop, which is quite different from other musicians in China. She is the first Chinese who perform in the 73rd Oscar Academy Awards by singing one of the Academy Award nominee for Best Original song. Concert in Los Angles, USA. As Fig 1 shows, she will have a world tour with her latest Mandarin album East to West, including to the Americas and other places. Fig 1 . The poster of Coco Lees East to West gigs In contrast, many foreign singers also hold gigs in China because of the globalization effect.Not only Asian artists from Korea, Japan and Singapore but also some musicians from European countries have successfully opened their music racket in China (I. E. Black Eyed peas, April Leaving and Beyond). As Fig 2 shows, it is the poster of Bounces concert in Beijing, 2009. Fig 2. The poster of Bounces Beijing concert 2009 It is the evidence that the new music styles are accepted by Chinese young people and are also becoming a fashion icon. Another example is the spread of hip-hop music in China.Hip-hop was started in America, however, America is not the only factor that influenced China. Since hip-hop music has been popular in Japan and South Korea, it also influenced the choice of Chinese people. Japanese hip-hop, Inch began in the asses and continues to develop today, is an intriguing case study for exploring the globalization of popular culture. (Condor, 2001 , IPPP) The culture of hip-hop in dance, rapping, decaying and visual art (Giddier, 2002, p 210) have Changed young generations life style. Hip-pop clubs also appeared in China, especially in cities.Club culture has changed from prostituting spots in the asses into western style clubs since the asses which are also more open for young people. In addition, hip-hop not only influenced the change of popular music, it also influenced young peoples dress style. The fashion style from Japan and South Korea plays an important role for the fashion trend in China, and thus hip-hop style has become a fashion icon since it is popular in both Japan and South Korea. There is no hop culture on China can be therefore treated as a sample of the desire of getting in touch of western cultures for Chinese young generation.Apart from the Internet, the development of multi-national music record companies is another reason to affect the change of the Chinese music market. Multi-national music record companies eve entered the Chinese market since the development of globalization. The Integration of production, exploitation and user one corporate roof (I. E. Multinational publishing, recording, broadcasting and Internet services) thus may reduce the value afforded to music creators and raise competition concerns. (Seersucker, Slims and Annals, 2001, PEP) International record companies and media companies in China offer Chinese people more choices of music products and also a cheaper price. Because multi-national firms take advantage of sharing sources globally, the growth of multi-national record impasses in China has introduced a wider range of music products from other countries and offers the pubic a lower price due to the reduced cost. The increasing market share of international record firms helps the Chinese music product market become more standardized and international.In addition, multi-national record firms also promote Chinese music in other cultures. However, globalization also has negative effect to Chinese society. Because technological advancements have made t exceedingly easy to produce greater quantities of pirated merc handise of increasingly high quality (Martha, 2005, Pl 19), music piracy is currently very common in China through different channels, especially through the Internet and computer disc. Regulations such as intellectual property protection and copyright are not standardized in China.As a result, pirated music products are taking profits away from music record labels companies, and also cultivate a culture of consuming pirated music products. Internet music piracy has increased especially rapidly in recent years. For instance, almost all the popular songs from Japan, South Korea, America, I-J and Australia can be found online without the authorization of their copyright owners (Church, 2004, up) and most of these songs are free to be downloaded or listened to online. The availability of music products online has changed peoples consumption behavior significantly.Further more, because of the lack of the legal environment to protect intelligentsia properties and copy-right, a great number of music consumers in China have not yet treated media piracy as same as other traditional crimes, they therefore ignored the follow the copyright protecting regulations. Copyright-fr iendly norms have been slow to take root in Chinas consumer base. (Martha, 2005, Pl 19). In conclusion, the influences of creates connections between different cultural groups, which reduces stereotyping and reduces inter-group conflict among different cultures.For example, n China, new music styles are introduced from other cultures such as Japan, South Korea, America and Europe. At the same time, Chinese folk music and traditional opera has had the opportunities to go to international platforms. The development of the Internet allows people to access music all over the world, which means it revised an advanced music communication channel for Chinese people. The Internet also allows small groups of people to express their music and other creative products.

Price and Ikea Essay Example

Price and Ikea Essay IKEA Dr. Okan Geray 1. Explain, in detail, the aspects of Ikea strategy that make it a Hybrid strategy. COST LEADERSHIP IKEA’s strategy is based on selling high-quality, Swedish designed, self-assembly furniture products at low price. The IKEA business idea is: ‘We shall offer a wide range of well-designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low  that as many people as possible will  be able to afford them. ’ IKEA targets price-conscious young couples and families who are willing and able to  transport and assemble furniture kits. The low-price strategy, seeks to achieve a  lower price than competitors while maintaining similar perceived product or service benefits to  those offered by competitors, price is not appealing unless, it represents good value for money. This is where IKEA is able to make a real difference. IKEA is  committed to having a good relationship with their suppliers  and so they are able to  purchase good quality, economically produced designs that are bought in bulk to keep costs down. By making all their furniture’s flat packed they cut down on  transportation and assembly costs as well. Achieve cost leadership through multi-level competitive advantage on supply side with low cost logistics and large retail units in suburban areas allow them to sell products 20 to 40% cheaper than other competitors. The company is able to achieve a competitive advantage by delivering value to customers based on both product features and low price. We will write a custom essay sample on Price and Ikea specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Price and Ikea specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Price and Ikea specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer DIFFERENCIATION * Marketing, IKEA is  focused on segmentation of its target: the middle-class population of all age groups Product range * Logistics , Furniture is flat back * Product range. 2. WHY IS THIS STRATEGY DIFFICULT FOR COMPETITORS TO IMITATE? 3. What are the dangers of a hybrid strategy and how can Ikea managers guard against them? A hybrid strategy seeks simultaneously to achieve differentiation and low price  relative to competitors. The success of this strategy depends on the  ability to deliver enhanced benefits to customers together with low prices whilst achieving sufficient margins for reinvestment to maintain and develop bases of differentiation. IKEA has looked towards emerging markets e. g. China for growth. Further  adaptation to products has been necessary including pricing strategy. Income levels of consumers are lower and stores needed to be located within the cities as car ownership is  lower. IKEA has experienced greater competition from national brands.

Healthcare at a Crossroads Essays

Healthcare at a Crossroads Essays Healthcare at a Crossroads Paper Healthcare at a Crossroads Paper As a non-profit organization, JCAHO or known as the Join Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, its main responsibility is to ensure that the medical facilities from the physical building of hospitals to the physicians themselves. JCAHO is defined as â€Å"the prime accrediting body for health care institutions that are Medicare and Medicaid funded† (Zerwekh and Claborn, 2006). Its reputation as an organization reached the status which requires almost all hospitals to be accredited by JCAHO to be able to operate continuously. It is being considered as the main source of establishing the standards of American healthcare as well as in other parts of the world. JCAHO is an institution where the healthcare is being defined according to its criteria and accreditation. With the growing issue on implementing reforms on American healthcare, JCAHO consistently resreach ways in addressing the issues surrounding health care. Such issue involves the establishment of a data collecting system before any reforms can be made on U.S. Health care. JCAHO stressed that this is necessary because when there is an established system or strategy on data gathering, the areas of improvements will be easily determined. The report on the Development a National Performance Measurement Data Strategy states that there should be an existing body or department to measure the performance level of medical facilities to develop a higher quality and accessible American health care. A framework should be built to be able to have systematic and clear process of what and how data should be gathered. Subsequently when theres an established framework already, JCAHO proposes to build a data highway so that all information are filtered and theres only one organized database where electronic records will retrieved for convenience and protecting the privacy of the patient. The JCAHO pertains to the establishment of   â€Å"the ability to share and merge data that has become crucial to developing consistent and true assessments of care† (Reuters, 2008). The proposal of a national measurement data strategy made by JCAHO can be a huge step forward in finally making reforms in the American health care. A systematized data gathering is important to be able to know who are not receving health care, how many percentage of the American citizens does not have access to insurance, and other essential statistics that will help shape specific reforms in addressing the issue of healtcare. JCAHO enumerated some aspects in which data gathering will be extremely helpful. First is measuring the performance level of physicians through a separate infrastructure called the Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI). Another aspect of gathering data is supervised by the Society for Thoracic Surgeons which keeps disease-specifice records and this fall under the category of healthcare practices and procedures (The Joint Commission, 2008, p. 18). Then data gathering for patients, more specifically, the establishment of inpatient census which determines the â€Å"number of patient present in the healthcare facility at a particular point in time† (Horton, 2007, p. 32). Those are just three examples of varying fields of data gathering that should be maintained and done to monitor the over-all condition of American healthcare. There are so many aspects from the number of hospitals to the detail of drug prescriptions that needs to be organized through a data gathering system. The challenge lies in merging all of these small branches of data gathered in healthcare to be able to have the ideal organized and unified medical record applicable for the whole America. Another challenge is to put up the categories of the fields, more of like sub-departments under a single infrastructure which will serve as the data highway for propagating the gathered information. Unitd States is one most powerful country, populous and diverse in demographics and even before experts could establish the categories under healthcare, the citizens of America should be   carefully determined since healthcare is solely for the welfare of the populace. There are so many proposals made to be able to push for healthcare reform such as what JCAHO did. However, it seems like the issue of healthcare remains to be a confusion and vague concept within the majority of the American people. What JCAHO prepared is a detailed and perhaps a feasible step to move forward to the healthcare reform. The innovation of America to solve this is not to be underestimated maybe what is lacking here is a strong political will. References Claborn, J.C. and Zerwekh, J.G. (2006). Nursing Today. USA: Elsevier Health Sciences. Horton, L.A. (2007). Calculating and Reporting Healthcare Statistics. USA: American Health Information Management Association. Powers, K. (2008, March 6). The Joint Commission Urges Development of a National Performance Measurement Data Strategy. Reuters. Retrieved April 8, 2009, from reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS176321+06-Mar-2008+PRN20080306

Writing Confident Query Letters

Writing Confident Query Letters As someone who runs a website for writers (TheInternationalFreelancer.com), I see a lot of query letters from new writers. The thing they miss most often? Confidence. Writers who are confident know their story, what it hopes to achieve, and how theyre going to get the work done. Those who arent ramble on, send editors two different sides to a story and refuse to take a stand. If an editor has limited time and is paying good money to hire someone, which freelancer do you think shell hire? What can you do to become that freelancer? 1. Prove it to yourself James Clear, who is an entrepreneur, weight lifter, and travel photographer, writes on his blog about the time in his freshman year of high school when his basketball team had started the season with a losing streak. One day, their coach pulled them together and uttered these words: Confidence is just displayed ability. Put another way, youre not going to achieve something because you believe in yourself; youre going to achieve something and only then will you start believing in yourself. 2. Be cool Weve all met the writer who is so lacking in self-confidence that he emails you every week to please vote for me in this contest that Ive entered. Dont be that guy. You want the work, of course. Thats why youre writing. But youre not desperate for it and will walk away if the terms dont suit you. Even if you arent feeling confident, act like you are. 3. Sound like you know what youre talking about Youre pitching the story, correct? So it would be normal for an editor to assume that you know what youre talking about as regards that story. Make sure you do enough background research to know exactly why this story should be published and why it would fit into a publications pages. Look at it from the editors perspective: Why should she hire and pay for someone who isnt yet clear on what the story is and why its important. 4. Take responsibility Maybe, perhaps, usually, typically, most likely, and other such words and phrases dont have place in your query letter, especially if youre new to freelancing. Dont say He seemed to be angry, when in reality youre pretty certain he was furious. 5. Make a point If you have something to say, say it. Many writers are afraid of taking a controversial stance because the editor might not agree, but that is part of the reason youre writing the pitch- to suss out whether this editor is the right fit for your piece or not. And you cant do that if you tiptoe around what needs to be said. This is especially true in science stories and in most international reporting. Be confident in not only the data you bring to her, but the inference and the conclusions that youve reached as a result of it. 6. Practice Finally- and yet again- there is no weakness that practice cant overcome, no lack of confidence that practice wont make disappear. Practicing writing (and sending) queries helps you get better each time you do it and the better you get, the more confident your queries naturally start sounding. This is why Im a big believer in pitching as much as you possibly can, especially in the beginning. And that will translate automatically to the words on the page.

The essay talk about the church York Minster, in York, that was build

The talk about the church York Minster, in York, that was build in late middle ages - Essay Example The church’s arch rise heavenward, and the walls, entrances, columns and doors are carved with biblical figures and scenes. Hundreds of smaller churches were constructed using this style, and this popularized the Gothic style of architecture (Scholastic.com). Gothic style was heavily borrowed from an earlier style known as Romanesque. Romanesque architecture had preserved the architectural style of Roman times. The Roman style was slowly changed to meet the needs of the Christian religion, hence, giving rise to the Romanesque architecture. The word Gothic was taken from the Goths, the people who invaded the Roman Empire. The locals perceived the exterior with the entire buttress as unpleasant to look at and claimed that it portrayed the Goths. The Gothic style has three architectural features; the pointed arch, ribbed vault and the flying buttress. The pointed arch is the feature that separates Gothic buildings from the Roman style and Romanesque architecture. In the older Gothic styles, the arch was a rounded figure. The Goth architects did not invent the pointed arch; they borrowed this feature from the Muslim architects of Asia, Southern Europe, and Africa (Scholastic.com). The pointed arch was used after Jerusalem was captured from the Muslims in the first crusade period of 1099. Many crusaders saw the Muslim works of art, and they imitated this style. The European architects used the arch in a different way than the Muslims. The pointed arches presented greater flexibility in interior design. The arches could extend upwards to greater heights allowing a larger distance between the piers and the columns beneath. At the top of the piers, there existed arches that crossed the ceiling and were locked together by a boss stone. These ceilings were known as vaulted or ribbed vaulting. The main plan of the church was separated into bays; each corner had a pillar and from one corner to the other, round arches were built. These round arches

Outcomes Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Outcomes Evaluation - Essay Example Healthy foods like fruits and vegetables are not easy to preserve or prepare and this is likely to significantly increase the cost of meals; a factor that the plan does not account for. The healthy food might also be unpopular prompting students to bring in packed food and making the program a failure (Power, Bindler, Goetz & Daratha, 2010) It is true that a universal healthcare system â€Å"will provide health care coverage for all† but the repercussions of switching the healthcare system to a non-profit one are far-reaching. The most immediate effect will be the dwindling of profits in the healthcare industry and this is in contravention to the wider goals of the federal government and Federal Reserve to boost the economy. This fact presents a big hurdle in changing the current healthcare system (American College of Physicians, 2012). American College of Physicians. (2012). Achieving a high-performance health care system with universal access: What the United States can learn from other countries. Retrieved on 6/9/2012 from

Food and Tradition Essay Example for Free

Food and Tradition Essay Culture has been existence since the time man came on the earth. Many ethnic groups have their own ways of living. Due to the new technologies and globalization, culture of many societies and families have been affected and altered in one way or the other. Some of the cultural traditions, practices, values and beliefs, values and virtues have faded away never to be heard again in within this new era with new generations. The roots of culture originate from families and clan. So the life styles are now being influenced from their fundamental points of source. This is not saying that culture will come to an end. Several families, clans which grow up to make communities and ethnic groups have struggled to this very far to preserve their culture. The survival of such cultural activities has created major concern over the last few decades. Most people have recently aroused the interest in cultural practices and this has contributed a lot to the tourism industry in our home country. Thousands of tourists are visiting our country entirely to watch over the oldest plays and cultural activities as well as to enjoy our traditional foods during such cultural occasions. This has resulted in dynamic, creative cultural practices of the oldest periods of our fore fathers. Food is something which is taken in the lightest manner possible by the new generations which we have in the entire world. They simply term it as nourishment that sustains growth or furnishes energy or does both to our bodies. They feebly attach much concentration on other importance of food other than the above. They have not known how much it contributes to the social and cultural welfare throughout our life. The role of various foods has deeper implications which are more than satisfying our hungers and other physical requirements. It may structures families schedules or it provide social activities which nurtures the family relation ships as people from one family interacts among themselves or with other family members. To a larger extend, it is used as a representation of certain ethnic identities. Thus, food is used in as part of family cerebrations or ceremonies as well as in our rituals. I as an indigenous person who hails from the northern parts of china, we have varieties of food stuffs. This ranges from the simplest agricultural products both from land cultivations and livestock. Although, the place has no reliable and sustainable rainfalls, many families produce farm products of horticultural natural through irrigation methods. Some of the produces includes vegetables and fruit, cabbages, squashes, pears grapes and apples. From livestock, they are vast lands in which people keep sheep for mutton and lamb. Generally, it is rare to get pork in such a place. This seems to have been influenced by the religion of the people. Most of the inhabitants are Muslims; hence they forbid the practice of taking pork. Pork is seriously fear by this people. The belief the eating of pork is like eating of the fresh of ones supreme being. So, the utilization of food is a very important part of the processes of life. Sometimes we fail to appreciate that food is more than just fundamental. The only other action that we connect in that is of analogous importance to our lives and to the life of our species is a sexual characteristic. But these two activities are quite different. The range of variations is substantially wider in food than in sex. In fact, the importance of food in understanding human culture lies precisely in its infinite inconsistency. For endurance needs, all men everywhere could eat the same food measured only in calories. However, people are of different backgrounds and eat very differently. Chinese eat varieties of foods in their meals which are characterized by quite notable flexibility and adaptabilities. The mixture of different meals in their ingredients remains to be distinctive in the appearance and tastes as well as the flavours. This varies from one cultural activity to another. During the festive occasion of circumcision, children are circumcised to graduate from their childhood to youthful hood. At this particular occasion, people use legume in higher quantities. This includes soybeans, broadens, pea nut and mung beans. They are used to make rapid healing of the wounds. It is also necessary to take bitter spices such as garlic and cinnamons which acts as reminder of the bitter activity they have gone through. (Gernet, 1962) Apart from circumcision ceremonies, many families do not eat meat products during the periods of tragedy such as death. In our culture, meat products are as result of shedding blood to the ground. Shedding of blood is one the acts which are sternly against the practices of our traditions. So, at such time of mourning, people cease from using the meat products which results from blood shed of animals. They believe that this is a sign of maintain peace with their super natural being. Once we eat such products, it like we are provoking the anger of the supreme nature. Thus, the common meals that are taken contain foods full of starch. Reference: Gernet, J. (1962): Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion: Stanford University Press

Why did the 1919 Paris peace settlement not provide a durable peace in

Why did the 1919 Paris settlement not provide a durable peace in Europe? The First World War, was without a doubt one of the most tragic events in the history of people. It was fought on a scale, and at a cost in human suffering, unparalleled in the history of man kind. Countries from every continent, including most of those in Europe, had taken part. Whole populations had been marshalled to serve their countries war efforts1. All these came to an end when on 11 November 1918, Germany finally agreed to sign an armistice. What is very important to know, is that this armistice was actually based on United States’ President Woodrow Wilson’s â€Å"Fourteen Points†. However, the Treaty of Versailles, sharply differed from Wilson’s points, and Germany, who felt betrayed, denounced the treaty as â€Å"morally invalid.† Henig claimed that the fact that it did not survive the 1920s intact stemmed, not so much from the terms of the peace treaties themselves but from the reluctance of political leaders in the inter-war period to enforce them2. Overall, the Treaty of Versailles was flawed to the extent that instead of preventing future wars it made a future war inevitable! But let’s take things from the beginning in our attempt to demonstrate the reasons that led the Versailles Treaty, to be considered a failure. The goal following World War I was to restore European stability and maintain everlasting peace. However, these goals were recognized by all of the leaders as not easily achievable. French Prime Minister Clemenceau commented on the day the armistice was signed on 11 November 1918, â€Å"We have won the war: now we have to win the peace, and it may be more difficult3. The French politician Marshal Foch, as the Versailles Treaty was being signed, stated rather prophetically, â€Å"This is not peace; it is an armistice for 20 years4.† Indeed, Foch was absolutely correct. The Versailles Treaty did little to shape any sort of long-term peace from the results of World War I. Instead, the treaty, hastily put together, was vague, exposed the Allies’ inability to cooperate toward an agreement, and fuelled German nationalism from resentment over her treatment by the Allies in the treaty. The principle reasons for the failure of the Treaty of Versailles to establish a long-term peace include the following. Firstly, the Allies disagreed on how best to treat Germany, also Germany re... ... the Treaty of Versailles from ever approaching success, however, was not the terms of the treaty, but rather the reluctance to enforce the terms by the Allies. They were naà ¯ve to assume that Germany would cooperate with the treaty terms by themselves. Thus within a year of the peace conference, the victorious alliance had crumbled away. It was this critical collapse, rather than the provisions of the peace terms themselves, which ensured that the Treaty of Versailles was never fully accepted or enforced7. The Allies were strong enough to win the war, but not strong enough to secure the peace! BIBLIOGRAPHY: ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adamthwaite, Antony. The Making of the Second World War (New York, 1992). ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Henig, Ruth. Versailles and After: 1919 – 1933 (London: Routledge, 1995). ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hobsbawm, Eric. The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914 – 1991 (New York, 1996). ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Keynes, John Maynard. The Economic Consequences of the Peace (New York, 1920). ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kitchen, Martin. Europe Between the Wars (London, 2000). ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marks, Sally. The Illusion of Peace: International Relations in Europe, 1918 – 1933 (London, 1976). Why did the 1919 Paris peace settlement not provide a durable peace in Why did the 1919 Paris settlement not provide a durable peace in Europe? The First World War, was without a doubt one of the most tragic events in the history of people. It was fought on a scale, and at a cost in human suffering, unparalleled in the history of man kind. Countries from every continent, including most of those in Europe, had taken part. Whole populations had been marshalled to serve their countries war efforts1. All these came to an end when on 11 November 1918, Germany finally agreed to sign an armistice. What is very important to know, is that this armistice was actually based on United States’ President Woodrow Wilson’s â€Å"Fourteen Points†. However, the Treaty of Versailles, sharply differed from Wilson’s points, and Germany, who felt betrayed, denounced the treaty as â€Å"morally invalid.† Henig claimed that the fact that it did not survive the 1920s intact stemmed, not so much from the terms of the peace treaties themselves but from the reluctance of political leaders in the inter-war period to enforce them2. Overall, the Treaty of Versailles was flawed to the extent that instead of preventing future wars it made a future war inevitable! But let’s take things from the beginning in our attempt to demonstrate the reasons that led the Versailles Treaty, to be considered a failure. The goal following World War I was to restore European stability and maintain everlasting peace. However, these goals were recognized by all of the leaders as not easily achievable. French Prime Minister Clemenceau commented on the day the armistice was signed on 11 November 1918, â€Å"We have won the war: now we have to win the peace, and it may be more difficult3. The French politician Marshal Foch, as the Versailles Treaty was being signed, stated rather prophetically, â€Å"This is not peace; it is an armistice for 20 years4.† Indeed, Foch was absolutely correct. The Versailles Treaty did little to shape any sort of long-term peace from the results of World War I. Instead, the treaty, hastily put together, was vague, exposed the Allies’ inability to cooperate toward an agreement, and fuelled German nationalism from resentment over her treatment by the Allies in the treaty. The principle reasons for the failure of the Treaty of Versailles to establish a long-term peace include the following. Firstly, the Allies disagreed on how best to treat Germany, also Germany re... ... the Treaty of Versailles from ever approaching success, however, was not the terms of the treaty, but rather the reluctance to enforce the terms by the Allies. They were naà ¯ve to assume that Germany would cooperate with the treaty terms by themselves. Thus within a year of the peace conference, the victorious alliance had crumbled away. It was this critical collapse, rather than the provisions of the peace terms themselves, which ensured that the Treaty of Versailles was never fully accepted or enforced7. The Allies were strong enough to win the war, but not strong enough to secure the peace! BIBLIOGRAPHY: ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adamthwaite, Antony. The Making of the Second World War (New York, 1992). ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Henig, Ruth. Versailles and After: 1919 – 1933 (London: Routledge, 1995). ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hobsbawm, Eric. The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914 – 1991 (New York, 1996). ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Keynes, John Maynard. The Economic Consequences of the Peace (New York, 1920). ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kitchen, Martin. Europe Between the Wars (London, 2000). ïÆ'˜Â  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marks, Sally. The Illusion of Peace: International Relations in Europe, 1918 – 1933 (London, 1976).

Inner city redevelopment and regeneration – London’s Dockland case study

* During nineteenth century, London was the busiest port of the world. But due to changes such as better technology, they became abandoned and derelict. * Larger ships could not reach the port and containerization did away with the need of large number of dockers. * By that time the area had very few jobs, the docks had closed and over half of the land was derelict, many of the houses needed urgent repair, transport was poor and there was a lack of basic services, leisure amenities and open space. * The London Dockland's Development Corporation (LDDC) tried to improve the economic, social and environmental conditions of the area. Changes ; Physical: derelict land reclaimed, trees planted, open space created and conservation areas created. ; Economic: improved transport systems means faster journey. Improvements in roads. Employment and businesses increased e.g. The Guardian and Daily Telegraph. High tech firms came due to the low rates of the enterprise zone. These were followed by firms wishing to relocate in new office blocks. ; Social: more than 20 000 homes created. Former docks converted into luxury flats. Large, modern shopping complexes built. Other activities such as marina for water sports and indoor sports centre built. Several areas cleared and converted into parks and area of open space. Almost 100 million pounds has also been spent of health, education, training and community programmes. Reasons for success You can read also Costco Case Study * Extremely high prices of land for new offices and residential development. * The potential of leisure activities and scenic views along the riverside. * Funding of some of the infrastructure by the government. * Initiatives taken by entrepreneurs like John Mowlem, whose company built the London City Airport. * The development of the Dockland Light Railway. * The setting up of the Isle of Dogs Enterprise zone to attract industry. * The development of the airport bringing easy journeys. Groups involved in this * Local housing societies helped by gaining home improving grants. * The local Newham council built affordable houses and improved local services. * The LDDC were responsible for planning and redeveloping dockland. * The national government created enterprise zone with its reduced rate. It encouraged private investment and improved transport systems. * Property developers were responsible for building large office blocks and converting derelict warehouses into luxury flats. * Conservation groups supported tree planting and other schemes. Opinions ? School leaver: happy because there are more new jobs available. ? Local shopkeepers: happy because they will have wealthier customers. ? Local retired people: bad, because the prices in the area rise sharply. ? Former docker: bad because no appropriate manual jobs created. ? Social worker: bad because local community is broken by newcomers. ? Elderly: bad because there is no sufficient services such as hospitals. ? Local people: bad, they wanted jobs and affordable houses. ? People living in Birmingham: happy as their houses were improved along with new facilities provided with them. Nupur Jain 5F Geography case study

Art History Formal Analysis – Comparison

Formal Analysis Paper The pieces Ann Whitley Russell, done by an unknown artist in around 1820 and Lady Frances Knowles, also done by an unknown artist, in the mid-late 17th century are both examples of portraits that portray the sitters in diverse yet insightful ways to viewers. Both Ann Whitley Russell and Lady Frances Knowles are works of art composed of oil paint on canvas. Although these portraits are different, the aspects of space, color, and composition are all important elements that must be considered while comparing the woman in these two pieces.The significant element of space comes into play while analyzing the portrait of Ann Whitley Russell. The figure of Ann Whitley Russell herself is very flat and appears to be two dimensional, rather than three. The two dimensionalism of this portrait says something about the skill level and amount of training that this unknown artist holds; they were most likely self-trained. Since there is a shallow depth of field in this piece th e viewer is automatically drawn to the sitter, Ann Whitley Russell, who is positioned in the foreground of this piece.Ann Whitley Russell is illustrated sitting on a chair with a decorative cloth draped over the left arm, which is positioned in the middle ground of the portrait. The background is monochrome, blurry and is indistinguishable to make out other than the column to the side of the portrait. The column looks as if the artist based it on Greek and Roman architecture due to its rounded appearance and indented texture. These columns would have been found in Europe throughout the early to mid eighteen hundreds, which was around the same time that this portrait was created.By including this type of column in the background the artist may be trying to portray the sitter, Ann Whitley Russell, as someone who is elite, wealthy and privileged enough to live in a place where this type of architecture exists. Although the artist made this column visible, it is still impossible to dete ct a specific setting in the background of this portrait. Furthermore, although the significance of the element of space also effects how viewers perceive the portrait of Lady Frances Knowles it does so in a different way.The viewer is automatically drawn to the center of this piece, which is the vivid three-dimensional figure of the sitter, Lady Frances Knowles. While studying the portrait Lady Frances Knowles I was able to detect a clear distinguishable foreground, middle ground and background. The artist positions the sitter in the foreground of the piece sitting on a stone bench with one arm resting upon the ledge of a stone fountain which is positioned in the middle ground.The stone fountain in the middle ground which has a statue of a Roman mythological winged figure attached has water flowing down from it and appears to be solid in space and volumetric due to this. The statue of a winged figure appears to be an angel, which is a symbol of love, peace, and protection. The back ground of this piece has trees with flowering leaves which may be where the flowers upon the lap of Lady Frances Knowles and the bench she is sitting on came from.The background seems to be slightly shallower compared to the sitter who is lifelike and three-dimensional. The background is less defined than the sitter is however the trees, fountain and flowers are distinguishable and give evidence that she must be sitting somewhere outside. The artist may have positioned the sitter somewhere outside in order to show the importance of nature and natural beauty because the sitter herself is so naturally beautiful.The artist of Lady Frances Knowles and of Ann Whitley Russell both use space to visually demonstrate what type of person the sitter is in the portrait, even though the way the space is represented is different in both. Another very important aspect that must be considered during the analysis of the portrait of Ann Whitley Russell is color. In this portrait the artist tends to u se a narrow array of colors that are bland and monotonous. The artist uses the same colors of black, white, brown, grey and red throughout the entire piece.The background is incredibly dull and the shades of brown get darker as it moves further away from her head. In this portrait the red is only bright and exciting color, it is found used for the plain velvet looking chair, the red accents on the cloth draped over the chair, the stone in the center of her necklace and the thin line of lipstick on Ann Whitley Russell’s lips. The black of the sitters dress contrasts her pale white skin and due to the incredibly dull background color more attention is given to her.By using these colors the artist shows how although Ann Whitley Russell is a woman of great wealth, she is a plain woman and instead of embellishing her with vibrant colors he focused on maintaining the sitters true essence. Additionally, while analyzing the portrait of Lady Frances Knowles the importance of color is also used however it is to express different meanings. It is easy to see that the artist of this piece finds color very important due to the vast color pallet he uses in order to contrast the colors of the sitters dress and her skin tones.The pallet consists of a diverse amount of blue, white, pink, red, grey, brown, and black shades, which are used to illustrate the sitter and her surroundings. The artist uses flowing brush strokes to engage viewers in Lady Frances Knowles, a strong example of these brush strokes can be seen in the sitters long brown flowing hair that she is trying to show off. The background of the portrait, which contains a variety of red and pink accents against a darker black background, deeply contrasts the white and pink shades of the sitters skin tone and the shades of blue on the sitters dress.Shadowing is used on the skirt and sleeves of the sitters dress to create realistic folds and wrinkles in the expensive fabric. The shades of red and pink are used fo r the flowers held by and surrounding Lady Frances Knowles, and are emblems representing femininity, beauty and fertility. The artists use color in contrasted ways in the portraits of Lady Frances Knowles and Ann Whitley Russell in order to illustrate the sitter’s unique personal attributes. The aspect of composition is one of great value while discussing the portrait of Ann Whitley Russell.Ann Whitley Russell’s figure takes up the majority of the piece and viewers are pulled into the portrait by the way the sitter’s head is slightly tilted in a contrapposto pose causing her gaze to fall upon us. The way the artist positioned the sitter with both of her arms resting over one of the arms of the chair seems uncomfortable and awkward, however this may have been seen as a proper way of sitting in 1820. Ann Whitley Russell’s portrait is a half body portrait from the waist up rather than a full body portrait that would have been more expensive at the time.The a rtist also focuses on the importance of lines by making them very defined so the viewer is able to depict where everything is easily. Due to the blurred and empty space in the background the sitter appears to be placed in an empty environment the artist may have done as to draw more attention to the subject (the sitter). Moreover, while analyzing the use of composition again in the Lady Frances Knowles portrait it is evident that it’s use is different.The artist gains the viewers full attention by the way the sitters face is held up gently by her hand and her soft eyes connect with the gaze of the viewer, drawing us even closer to the work of art. The way the artist positioned the sitter looks as if the sitter is going to get up at any moment due to how comfortable and relaxed her position is. The figure is directly centered with the background however her arm resting on the edge of the fountain on the side brings the main focus from herself to the intricate fountain.The back ground of the portrait is cluttered and the brush strokes are heavy and dark so the viewer will keep their focus on the sitter rather than the background. The proportions of the sitter in the portrait are accurate and almost entire the body of the sitter is portrayed, showing how she is willing to pay more for something more elegant. The artists for Ann Whitley Russell and Lady Frances Knowles both communicate diverse and very distinct characteristics about the sitter to viewers through the use of composition.After analyzing both of these portraits in excessive detail I have found that although they are unique in a variety of ways, both artists concentrations of work are the same. Some contrasts between the two portraits are that Ann Whitley Russell is two dimensional with a bland color pallet and is a half body portrait; while Lady Frances Knowles is three dimensional with a broad expanse of a color pallet and it is almost a full body portrait. The use of the elements space, color, and composition all influenced how the artists created the portraits of Ann Whitley Russell and Lady Frances Knowles and the themes within them.The unknown artist of the Ann Whitley Russell portrait used all three elements in order to illustrate how the sitter is a simple woman yet wealthy and elite as well. In the portrait of Lady Frances Knowles the artist, who is also unknown, uses these aspects to portray the natural beauty, femininity and wealth. Both themes are similar because they relate to how both sitters for each portrait aspired to be portrayed by the artists as attractive and wealthy.

Jane Eyre Questions for Study and Discussion

Jane Eyre Questions for Study and Discussion Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre is one of the foremost works of British literature. At its heart, its a coming-of-age story, but  Jane Eyre  is much more than girl-meets-and-marries boy. It marked a new style of fiction writing, relying on the title characters internal monologue for much of the storys action. A womans internal monologue, no less. Put simply, the story of Jane Eyre and Edmund Rochester is a romance, but on the womans terms. Originally Published Under Male Pseudonym Theres no small irony in the fact that the distinctly feminist  Jane Eyre was originally published in 1847 under Brontes male pseudonym, Currer Bell. With the creation of Jane and her world, Bronte introduced an entirely new kind of heroine: Jane is plain and orphaned, but intelligent and proud. Bronte depicts Janes struggles with classism and sexism from a perspective that was almost unheard of in the 19th-century Gothic novel. There is a heavy dose of social critique in Jane Eyre, and distinctly sexual symbolism, also not common with female protagonists of the time period. It has even spawned a sub-genre of criticism, that of the madwoman in the attic. This, of course, is a reference to Rochesters first wife, a key character whose impact on the plot is significant, but whose voice is never heard in the novel. Regularly on Top 100 Best Book Lists Given its literary significance and its groundbreaking style and story, its no wonder that Jane Eyre regularly lands on Top 100 best books lists,  and is  a favorite among English literature instructors and students of the genre. Questions for Study and Discussion What is important about the title; why does Bronte choose a name for her character that has so many homonyms (heir, air). Is this intentional? What is significant about Janes time at Lowood? How does this shape her character?   Compare Brontes descriptions of Thornfield with the descriptions of Rochesters appearance. What is she trying to convey? There are many symbols throughout Jane Eyre. What significance do they hold for the plot?   How would you describe Jane as a person? Is she believable? Is she consistent? How did your opinion of Rochester change when you learned what his secret was? Does the story end the way you expected?   Do you think Jane Eyre is a feminist novel? Why or why not? How does Brontes portray other female characters besides Jane? Who is the most significant woman in the novel other than its titular character? How does Jane Eyre compare to other heroines of 19th century English literature? Of whom does she remind you?   How essential is the setting for the story? Could the story have taken place anywhere else? Do you think Jane and Rochester deserved a happy ending? Do you think they got one?   This is just one part of our study guide on Jane Eyre. Please see the links below for additional helpful resources.

Holophrases in Language Acquisition

Holophrases in Language Acquisition A holophrase is a single word (such as OK) that is used to express a complete, meaningful thought. In studies of  language acquisition, the term holophrase refers more specifically to  an utterance produced by a child in which a single word expresses the type of meaning typically conveyed in adult speech by an entire sentence. Adjective: holophrastic. Rowe and Levine note that some holophrases are utterances that are more than one word, but are perceived by children as one word: I love you, thank you, Jingle Bells, there it is (A Concise Introduction to Linguistics, 2015). Holophrases in Language Acquisition [A]round six months children begin babbling and eventually imitating the linguistic sounds they hear in the immediate environment. . . . By the end of the first year, the first true words emerge (mama, dada, etc.). In the 1960s, the psycholinguist Martin Braine (1963, 1971) noticed that these single words gradually embodied the communicative functions of entire phrases: e.g. the childs word dada could mean Where is daddy? I want daddy, etc. according to situation. He called them holophrastic, or one-word, utterances. In situations of normal upbringing, holophrases reveal that a vast amount of neuro-physiological and conceptual development has taken place in the child by the end of the first year of life. During the holophrastic stage, in fact, children can name objects, express actions or the desire to carry out actions, and transmit emotional states rather effectively. (M. Danesi, Second Language Teaching. Springer, 2003) Many of childrens early  holophrases are  relatively idiosyncratic and their uses can change and evolve over time in a somewhat unstable manner. . . . In addition, however, some of childrens holophrases are a bit more conventional and stable. . . . In English, most beginning language learners acquire a number of so-called relational words such as more, gone, up, down, on, and off, presumably because adults use these words in salient ways to talk about salient events (Bloom, Tinker, and Margulis, 1993; McCune, 1992). Many of these words are verb particles in adult English, so the child at some point must learn to talk about the same events with phrasal verbs such as pick up, get down, put on, and take off. (Michael Tomasello,  Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of Language Acquisition. Harvard University Press, 2003) Problems and Qualifications The problem of the holophrase [is] that we have no clear evidence that the child intends more than he can express at the one-word stage. (J. De Villiers and P. De Villiers, Language Acquisition. Harvard University Press, 1979)The single word in conjunction with the gestures and facial expressions is the equivalent of the whole sentence. By this account, the single word is not a holophrase, but one element in a complex of communications that includes nonverbal actions. (M. Cole et al., The Development of Children. Macmillan, 2004) Holophrases in Adult Language Holophrases are  of course a significant factor in modern adult language, for example, in idioms. But by and large, these have historical compositional origins (including by and large). In any specific example, words came first, then the composition, then the holophrase . . .. (Jerry R. Hobbs, The Origin and Evolution of Language: A Plausible Strong-AI Account.)

Discuss the skills needed to develop into a successful university Essay

Discuss the skills needed to develop into a successful university student - Essay Example In the age of information technology a student should develop skills in web based learning for better academic performances. Academic skills like effective communication, effective perception, effective presentation and desirable writing and problem solving are essential factors in university level. Unlike school education, university education provides new instructional strategies and learning environment for students. Therefore, effective communication and perception contribute better academic results and professional success. Tom burns and Sandra Sinfields made some relevant studies in the field of skills needed for a university student. They remark; â€Å"In order to help you develop successful assessment techniques, we devote a whole long section to effective communication where we look at essays, reports, presentations and seminars and other assessment engines† (Burns, Sinfield, 2008, p.18). It is significant to mention that leadership quality and problem solving ability have close association with effective communication skills. Generally, academic skills offered a new insight and energy for a student’s academic qualities for managing new atmosphere. Self- discipline is an essential skill for a successful university student and it helps the students to manage time. Ability in critical thinking is another significant skill that needed to develop in to a successful university student. Sophia Scott and Doug Koch argue that â€Å"Government, business, vocational, and technology education leaders have increasingly called for more emphasis in the classroom on higher order thinking† (Scott, Koch, 2010). In addition, one can see that critical thinking is essential for a university student in forming a socially acceptable behaviour. One has the responsibility to act as a good citizen for that nation. So skills of critical thinking and analysis prevent one in all kinds of illegal activities. Self-discipline and

Non western epistemologies and etiologies of disease and cures Essay

Non western epistemologies and etiologies of disease and cures - Essay Example When a Filipino gets sick he asks three questions which reveal the three sources of sickness from his point of view - he first question is asked because Filipinos believe there are physical causes for illness. It could be something that he ate or drank, a change in the weather, taking a bath at the wrong time (during menstruation or fever), or germs. These sicknesses are treated by doctors but due to the cost of western medicine, folk medicine is usually resorted to. This includes use of herbs and chemicals and sometimes saying a powerful prayer (Henry, 2006). If there is no apparent physical cause or if medical doctors are unable to cure a sickness, the second question is asked on the belief that if God or the spirit-world has been offended, then sickness could be sent as a punishment. With this background, a health practitioner dealing with this particular cultural group has to be aware and sensitive enough so as to deliver a patient-centered and patient-approved service as what Leonard Berry, a professor in Mays Business School at Texas A&M proposes (2003). Professor Berry studied the healthcare industry and says that its future depends on a patient-centered approach. Berry explained - Working at the high-end of expertise is a departure from what goes on now in the industry.. It means that specialist physicians should do less of what generalist physicians can do, generalist physicians should do less of what non-physician providers - such as nurses and physician's assistants - can do, and non physician providers should do less of what clinical staff can do. What's more, each caregiver should do less of what appropriately instructed patients and families can do for themselves". This patient-centered approach complements the concept of cultural competence among health practitioners which requires awareness and sensitivity to patients' cultural differences. Through this approach, patients are educated about their conditions, encouraged to ask questions and collaboration, discuss how the condition affects the patient emotionally, and involve patients in treatment decisions. In this way, a better served client is assured therefore lifting the quality of health care delivery. Works Cited Henry, Rodney L. Filipino Spirit World. OMF Literature, 2006 Scott, William Henry J. Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2004 Texas A&M University (2003, October 9). Patient-centered Approach Just What The Doctor Ordered For

Will Afghanistan achieve peace and prosperity Research Paper

Will Afghanistan achieve peace and prosperity - Research Paper Example It is a landlocked nation occupying part of South, Central and Western Asia. Afghanistan’s population is approximated to be thirty million head counts which almost the same as that of that of Uganda in Africa. Afghans population growth rate is approximately similar to the population growth rates of most third world country like Brazil. Afghanistan is approximately 647,500 square km making it one of the top fifty most populous countries in the world as a result of the large population occupying a small area1. Location of Afghanistan on the globe as produced by the UN, retrieved on December 1, 2013 Afghans urban civilization is believed to have begun in early 3000 to 2000 BC. Afghanistan is home to people from various parts of the world given its strategic location as a connection point between the Middle East, Central Asia and India. This is clearly seen the wake of military campaigns in this nation dating the era of Alexander the great of Britain, Russia, Arab Muslims, and Gen ghis khan. Afghanistan is a nation which was formed after an agreement between British and Russia. The fight for Afghanistan is experienced in the modern era of religious groups likes Taliban and the Western nation each having the desire to control the mineral deposits in Afghanistan2. The history of Afghanistan is begun in 1709 after the establishment of Hostaki dynasty, which led to the rise of Pashtuns. The Hostaki dynasty was preceded by the Duran Empire in 1747. After the great Anglo-Afghan war, the king began to modernize Afghanistan using the British system. This method of modernization was met by opposition from the conservative Muslims. When the British withdrew the neighboring India during the cold war, Russia and the United States started influencing Afghanistan. These influences from United States led to war between Russian backed Afghanistan government, and US backed Mujahedeen militia in 1779. This was the beginning of a series of wars in Afghanistan including the 1990 s civil war, the Taliban wars and the present war led by the United Nations security forces (Riphenburg 2006). A photo of American forces in Afghanistan: produced by CIA, retrieved on December 1, 2013 Resources Afghans natural resources include coal, copper, iron ore, lithium, uranium, rare earth elements, chromite, gold, zinc, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, marble, precious and semi precious stones, natural gas and petroleum. Afghanistan government estimates quite a large number of untapped mineral resources. Afghanistan is endowed with five major rivers which include: Helmand River, the Kunar River, the Oxus River, the Hari rod river and the Panjisher River. The five rivers in Afghanistan are fed by the snows and glaciers on the mountains of Afghanistan, and they flow to the neighboring Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Tajikistan and Pakistan. This implies that Afghanistan supplies its neighbors with freshwater which is very crucial for the survival of any nation. Poor management of water resources is a contentious issue in Afghanistan3. Afghans landscape; produced by Aljazeera, retrieved in December 1, 2013 This is because most residents of Afghanistan do not get the chance to enjoy this crucial resource regardless of its abundance the country. Everyone wants to control the parts endowed with water resource since most leaders believe that once they take control of water resource, they can control a vast population of any nation. A country like Afghanistan which has this great resource in abundance should not be complaining of scarcity of water. This though does not surprise many due to poor management of water resources in Afghanistan. Afghanistan also lack proper infrastructure, which can aid in water storage since water is available

Frequency Swept Source using Xilinx DDS Compiler

Frequency Swept Source using Xilinx DDS Compiler Abstract This paper presents a module which basically is a frequency swept source (chirp signal), which sweeps from 1MHz to 10 MHz in 10 microseconds. The module was designed by using the DDS IP core in Xilinx. It is designed to be run on the ZedBoard Zynq Evaluation and Development Kit (xc7z020clg484-1). Keywords-frequency swept source; chirp signal ; DDS Compiler; This module was designed as a part of the coursework assignment of ECE 580B4 FPGA Signal Proc/Software Defined Radio. The purpose of this assignment was to design a frequency swept source which will be extensively used in testing the Digital FIR filters that are to be designed and implemented as a part of the future coursework. A. DDS IP Core Compiler The Xilinx DDS core compiler implements high performance phase generation and phase to sinusoid circuits with AXI-4 stream compliant features. The core sources sinusoidal waveforms for use in many applications. This module comes with an inbuilt sine and cosine Look up table and a phase generator. For the purposes of this assignment, the DDS compiler was configured to receive a streaming phase input and the phase width resolution is set to 8 bits to make the design more space efficient and to make the simulations run faster. B. Frequency swept Source Design The Frequency Swept source is coded as a synthesizable Verilog module. In this Verilog Module, The DDS Compiler was instantiated and appropriate phase data is streamed by feeding the data into the s_axis_phase_tdata. s_axis_phase_tvalid is always set to 1 for the purposes of this assignment. The frequency swept source is expected to sweep from 1Mhz to 10 Mhz in 10 micro-seconds. This basically translates to an increment of 1Mhz in every microsecond. So, initially the increment has been calculated to generate a 1Mhz signal and then the increment is ramped up linearly to generate the desired chirp signal. The following expression has been used to derive the phase increment value. Fout = fclk* (dt)/ (2^(B)); Here, fout is the output frequency, fclk is the clock frequency, dt is the phase increment and B refers to the phase width. The above equation, for an 8bit phase width, 100 Mhz source to generate a 1Mhz output signal basically expects a phase increment of 2.56. But in this design this has been rounded off to 3. So, a phase increment of 3 refers to an output of 1Mz signal and a phase increment of 6 refers to an output of 2Mhz signal etc. The value of phase increment should realistically increment upto 25.6, so this number will be rounded off to 25. Now, is basically comes down to generating 22 different values for phase increment in a matter of 10 microseconds. In out design, the timescale has been set to 1ns. Now to figure out the delay to increase the value of phase increment in steps of 1, we need to impart a suitable amount of delay. This delay is calculated as shown below Delay = [10u/(22)] * 10^3 nano seconds. [Assuming a delay of one unit refers to one nano second]. The value of delay comes out to be 454.54 cycles. So, basically, we increase the value of phase-increment in steps of 1 from a starting value of 3 after every 455 clock cycles. This makes sure we are getting appropriate ramping up of the phase increment value to generate the desired sweep.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   module freq_sweep(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   input clk,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   output reg [7:0] sin,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   output reg [7:0] cos   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   );   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   reg[7:0] phase_data;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   wire phase_valid;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   wire [15:0] nco_data;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   wire nco_valid;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   integer i;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   assign phase_valid =1;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   initial begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   phase_data = 3;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   end   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   dds_compiler_0 DUT(  Ã‚   .aclk(clk),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .m_axis_data_tdata(nco_data),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .m_axis_phase_tvalid(nco_valid),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .s_axis_phase_tvalid (phase_valid),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .s_axis_phase_tdata (phase_data)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   );   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   always @(posedge clk) begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   if (phase_valid == 1) begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   sin = nco_data [15:8];   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   cos = nco_data [7:0];   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   end   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   end   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   always begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   for (i=3; i

Desktop Computer vs. Laptop Computers :: Compare Contrast Technology Essays Papers

Desktop Computer vs. Laptop Computers The invention of computers has made a huge change in human civilization and society, by changing the way people think. Computers replaced jobs and tedious repetitive thoughts that were done by human originally. People became more and more reliant on computers, and thus, computers became essential to our lives. Computers can manufacture products quickly, and eliminate possible human errors. As technology progresses, new ideas have been brought into computer to make them perform more efficiently. Also, scientists and engineers tend to make things â€Å"smaller†, so we can enjoy the benefits from electronic devices anywhere and anytime. Therefore, size and efficiency are two main points for consumers. Desktop computer and laptop computer are representatives for each of these concepts. Although desktops and laptops come from the same origin, they are different in many ways. The history of computers is an amazing story filled with interesting statistics. â€Å"The first computer was invented by a man named Konrad Zuse. He was a German construction engineer, and he used the machine mainly for mathematic calculations and repetition† (Bellis, Inventors of Modern Computer). The invention shocked the world; it inspired people to start the development of computers. Soon after, â€Å"In 1946, John Mauchly and J Presper Eckert developed the fastest computer at that time, the ENIAC I. It was built under the assistance of the US army, and it was used on military researches. The ENIAC I contained 17468 vacuum tubes, along with 70000 resistors, 10000 capacitors, 1500 relays, 6000 manual switches and 5 million soldered joints. It covered 1800 square feet of floor space, weighed 3 tons, consumed 160 kilowatts of electrical power.†(Bellis, Inventors of Modern Computer) These statistics are amazing, but even more amazing is the development of computers. Now in 2005, in this short 68-year period, computer technology has changed its entire look; now, we use computer chips instead of vacuum tubes and circuit board instead of wires. The changes in size and speed are probably the biggest. When we look at computers today, it is very hard to imagine computers 60 years ago were such big, heavy monsters. Desktop computers were commonly used since the late 90’s. The increasing number of applications on desktop computers allowed us to do all kinds of different activities like games, music, video, document editing and so on. In comparison with laptop computers, desktop computers have more stable performance, greater capacities, and throughout history, they have proven themselves more reliable to handle every job they have been assigned.

Huckleberry Finn Essay

Morality is what sets humans apart from the animal kingdom. We act on our beliefs, instead of our instincts, which perhaps makes us the flawed species. As humans, we all develop our own set of morals of which we use to make decisions in our day to day life. We use this moral compass to differentiate between right and wrong, but what we see as the right thing to do is not necessarily our own opinion, but societies. Adventures of Huckleberry finn by Mark Twain demonstrates that morality and society are one and the same. Huck has the opinions and morals of society constantly thrown in his face, and instead of giving into those values, he creates his own. Huck was raised without a mother, who provides an essential role in determining a child’s morals and beliefs. Huck’s motherless upbringing allowed him to develop morals of his own based on experience, not on hand-me-down morality. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn also shows us how stereotypes created by society influence the way we act towards others. Religion is definitely the largest component to determining one’s morality. Look more:  religion in huckleberry finn essay Religion literally lays out societies laws and values, and how can one argue with something when they believe their afterlife depends on it. These were not only issues that came up in our past, but in our present and most definitely our future. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn will always be relevant to society as long as humans walk the earth. By nature, humans desire to fit in with society and fear rejection. Huck teaches us that society isn’t always right, it is our individual opinions that should determine our actions, not what the general population believes. If there weren’t people to voice their opinions about the treatment of african americans, then we would still have slave to this very day. Also, if these lessons are not continually taught to future generations, history may one day repeat itself. Morals tend to get passed down from generation to generation. You raise your kids the way you parents did you, and their parent did for them. You teach them what you think is right and what you think is wrong, and that becomes their morals, â€Å"The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me† (Twain 3). Translation, â€Å"The Widow Douglas she took me for her son so she could brainwash me into believing her own set of morals. † The Widow took Huck into her home, not out of the goodness of her heart necessarily, but out of the desire to mold him into one of societies little clones. The moral compass we create in our own head is easily molded by outside influence, for Humans seem to have this compelling desire to fit in with the rest of the population. Huck grew up without a mother so he was essentially a â€Å"blank slate† that was able to develop his morals based on his own personal experiences, not those forced upon him, â€Å"Huck Finn, a motherless, isolated child who has neither well-developed cognitive skills nor solid perceptions of social reality, does in fact develop morally† (Altschuler 32). Hucks isolation from society, many would assume, would make Huck a rather immoral and almost barbarian like individual, but instead Huck is found to be more ethical than most of society at that time. Huck’s moral compass is relatively non judgmental. Despite his pre-programmed definition of a black person, he still be-friends Jim and goes well out of his way to help free him, risking his own life for a man that is just considered property. Huck, even when he thinks that he is making the wrong decision (though it would actually be considered a selfless and caring path), follows to the beat of his own ethical drum as opposed to that of societies. Huck exhibits what John Locke would consider genuine human nature. Huck is naturally selfless and caring for others, sometimes that faith in people gets him stuck with the wrong crowd (such as the King and Duke). The fact that Huck grew up isolated from society seems to have allowed Huck to develop a sense of morality unlike that of the rest of society. Hucks motherless childhood allowed Huck to become a true human being, not a carbon copy like everyone else. While Huck doesn’t have the same morals as the rest of society at that time, some stereotypes do rub off on him. When Huck first meets Jim, he thinks of him as just a slave, but as he gets to know him, he struggles with one side of him saying that Jim was property and the other telling him he is a friend. Jim was basically a manifestation of the inner battle of societies morals vs Hucks. Although he thinks Jim belongs to Miss Watson and that freeing him would cost him his afterlife, he still did it out of the friendship he and Jim shared. Huck actually says that Jim was white on the inside. While that does show that he still has a preconceived notion about slaves, it was still a revelation for Huck to discover that a slave could be more than just property. That is a lesson Huckleberry Finn teaches, that you cannot determine who or what someone is just by the the stereotypes that society labels different sexes, sexualities, religions, and races with. Everyone is an individual, â€Å"As ‘an agent of aggression— aggression against the self or against another,’ conscience deprives the individual of free choice and subject him or her to painful restraint† (Derwin 438). The preconceived notions about others is what causes prejudice in the first place. Twain shows that while someone appears to one simple being on the surface, they can actually be an entire spectrum of human emotion. Jim is first portrayed as a simple, uneducated slave, but when his friendship with Huck begins to flourish, Jim is shown as a caring friend that has suffered much throughout his life. Religion is the foundation of all cultures. It creates laws and morals, but also creates conflict and segregation. America was, and still is, founded on strong Christian beliefs. This is clearly illustrated by Twain as Huck has to make the decision between what he believes is right, and the Bible says (although, based on his actions, he seems to have better christian views than some of those teaching him about it). Huck many times tries to pray and follow the bible, and while he seems to believe in it, he accepts that he just wasn’t meant to pray and that the words just won’t come. When challenged between whether he should help free Jim or tell Miss watson, he chooses the â€Å"wicked† path which he believes will sent him to hell, just to help Jim, shows how selfless Huck really is, â€Å"Go to Heaven for the climate, Hell for the company† (Mark Twain) Huck is literally willing to go to hell and reject everything he had been taught to believe in just to free a friend. This allows Huck to become a role model to students that are struggling between the religion that they have been raised into, and their own personal beliefs, giving them motivation to generate their own identity and their own values, initially becoming their own person. Adventures of Huckleberry finn clearly illustrates battles that go on between oneself and society everyday. It is frowned upon to disagree with the majority of society, or to reject the religious views of your community and/or family, and these are all topics that are addressed in Mark Twain’s novel. It seems that even Mark Twain disliked society and felt the need to write the nspirational story of Huckleberry Finn to encourage those who have different views or are just trying to fit in. â€Å"Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect† (Mark Twain). Society is flawed. Mark Twain new this, and anyone with a reasonable head on their shoulders would agree. Twain uses Huck to show what pure human behavior is like. It is not just going with what everyone else believes, it is about you own morality. Being different while walking the halls can be a harsh four year sentence in high school. Students need to be encouraged to voice their opinions, and disagree. If we all had the same values then we wouldn’t be humans, we would be clones. Allowing Huckleberry Finn to be taught in school is allowing motivation and confidence (something that many students don’t have) to voice their opinions and stand up for their own â€Å"Jim†. Also teaching the effects racism and discrimination had on our country, to help prevent history from looping back on itself. Teaching Huckleberry Finn would hopefully create a ripple effect throughout the generations creating a country where voicing opinions isn’t frowned upon, and a place that is more accepting to those with different beliefs.